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Theodolite at Bennington Museum (Photo from Wikipedia) |
A couple of months ago I became
interested in the equipment and techniques used by colonial
surveyors. I don't recall what spurred me to start looking into
them, but I've been studying some period books and journals regarding
the subject, and began looking into recreating replicas of some of
the tools so that I can use them in the future to demonstrate 18th
century surveying to the public.
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Field Notes of an Unkown Surveyor from New York, 1765 |
During my high-level online
research, I found that the
Bennington Museum in Bennington, Vermont
has, in its collections, a few original 18
th century
surveying items, including a field book from an unknown New York
surveyor from 1765. The field book is not on display, but I was able
to make an appointment to view the item at the museum's library and
archive. In addition to being able to view it, the curator there
allowed me to take photos and later emailed me a transcript of the
book. I've been reading, re-reading, and studying the book over the
last few weeks. It's really sort of fascinating.
The first thing that I came across of
interest was a statement by the surveyor regarding the temperament of
some of the people who lived in the area that he was surveying. He
was working on land that was contested by the colonies of New
Hampshire and New York, and not all of the settlers were friendly.
Having purchased their land from New Hampshire, many people in the
Bennington area were not happy to see a New Yorker who was trying to
claim the land for someone else. On the second page of his field
book, the unknown surveyor states:
"Going North a Little to the S
there Lives one Wickwire & on[e] Pratt I did the Same manner
Demand the Possesion of that House & Lot in your Name, here I had
like to have had my head broke, & he forwarned me Running across
his Inclosion I told him Shurely Would & the, he might Sue for a
Trespass of [if] Chose-"
Knowing the history of the New
Hampshire Grants, and the residents border dispute with New York, it
was pretty neat to see a literal first-hand account from someone who
was there, in the midst of it.
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Danby, New Hampshire Grants, Land Survey, 1775 |
Another item that I was able to look at
was an original survey of land in Dorset, Vermont, dated 1775. The
survey was a single page, and outlined a plot of land that I was
later able to draw a map of. I haven't tried placing it within the
town lines yet, but based on the survey notes, it was on the northern
town line.
After spending an hour or so in the archives, I
took a look around the museum. They have a really great collection
of items from the area, including a lot of artifacts from the Battle
of Bennington. Back to the topic of surveying, one item on display
was a theodolite captured after the battle, thought to belong to a
local Tory by the name of Colonel Francis Pfister. Pfister and
Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum, leader of the German troops at
Bennington, were both mortally wounded during the battle, passing
away at a house where they were taken after the battle.